Illustration

For irrigation districts · Idaho & the Intermountain West

Your canal is losing water. We show you where.

Canal seepage thermography is aerial seepage detection for irrigation districts and canal companies. A dawn flight along the reach locates probable seepage by station and offset, ranked and flagged for a ground check. You receive a stationed hotspot map, a ΔT table and a repeatable baseline.

Aircraft thermal sensor
640 × 512
radiometric
Spectral band
8–14 µm
longwave infrared
Sensitivity
≤ 50 mK
NETD at f/1.0
Capture window
Dawn
maximum thermal contrast

Stakes

Knowing the canal leaks is not the problem. Knowing which reach is.

Districts already fund lining work. The hard part is deciding where to spend it. That means locating the loss precisely enough to scope a repair, then proving afterwards that the repair held. A reach chosen wrong is a season of budget spent on ground that was never the worst of it.

Visible light to thermal · same reach, same frame

Canal reach · dawn thermal pass · 10+00–30+00 RGB
10+00 15+00 20+00 25+00 30+00
ΔT 0.0 °C 4.5 °C
Schematic demo — real capture replaces this

The same passes build a photogrammetric model of the reach — the baseline every later flight is measured against.

Every candidate arrives stationed and ranked.

Illustrative values, accompanying the schematic above. Real capture replaces them. Focus or hover a row to light the matching callout on the frame.

Anomaly register · reach 10+00–30+00
IDStationΔT °C SeverityStatus
ANOM-03 26+40 4.2 High Verify on ground
ANOM-01 14+20 3.1 Moderate Verify on ground
ANOM-02 19+60 2.4 Low Verify on ground

Every anomaly ships flagged for ground verification. A thermal signature is a place to look, not a conclusion that the bank has failed.

What the district already knows, and what the flight adds.

What the district knows is how districts describe the problem today. What the flight adds is what comes back from a dawn flight.

What the district knows

What the flight adds

It’s really hard to quantify how much is really leaking out there
A stationed hotspot map and a ΔT table locating probable seepage by station along the reach. Ranked, so the worst of it is obvious.
Engineering estimates and years of field observation carry the grant application. The after-report is built from a different record than the before.
A baseline model and thermal evidence you can re-fly, so the application and the verification read from the same document.
areas of constant observation
An annual re-flight that catches a bank saturating before it moves, rather than after.

Why the flight is at dawn

Water carries heat, and the bank keeps the receipt.

How is canal seepage detected from the air?

Water working through a bank moves heat with it. The outer face where it emerges gives up that heat more slowly overnight than the dry ground either side. So by first light it reads warmer, a difference a radiometric sensor resolves easily and the eye cannot see at all. Where a flagged point needs a closer look, that look is taken on the bank with the handheld camera. The flight says where.

Why is the flight at dawn?

Fly at noon and the sun has loaded every slope differently by aspect and shadow, and the signal disappears into the weather. The flight is in the dawn window, with water in the canal, on a fixed palette with emissivity and reflected temperature set and logged.

WATER GROUND BANK SEEPAGE PATH WARM FACE AT DAWN SCHEMATIC · NOT TO SCALE
  • Seepage path · warm face at dawn

Watch · 0:48

Canal seepage thermography — how the flight finds the reach

Why the flight is at dawn, what the stationed hotspot map and the ΔT table give a district, and why the second flight is where the baseline pays.

Transcript

Knowing the canal leaks is not the problem. Knowing which reach is. Districts already fund lining work. The hard part is deciding where to spend it.

Water working through a bank moves heat with it. The outer face where it emerges gives up that heat more slowly overnight than the dry ground either side. So by first light it reads warmer, a difference a thermal camera can pick up when the eye cannot see it at all.

You receive a stationed hotspot map and a ΔT table with severity and verification flags. Thermography locates. It does not quantify.

Every flight becomes your baseline, so the next one shows what changed.

Based in Boise, Idaho. Mobilized across the Intermountain West. Start with one reach. Vertical Recon. Calibrated to defend.

What you receive.

  • PDF + KMZ 01 Stationed hotspot map Every candidate located by station and offset along the reach, ready to hand to a crew.
  • CSV + GeoPackage 02 ΔT table Each anomaly ranked by thermal difference, with a ground-verification flag against it. Located by canal name and station, plus coordinates.
  • GeoTIFF 03 Thermal and visible orthomosaics The same reach in both bands, from the same flight over the same ground.
  • DSM + LAZ 04 Photogrammetric surface model Bank and channel geometry, for cross-sections and for comparison against the next flight.
  • PDF 05 Method report Conditions on the day, emissivity and reflected-temperature settings, and the limits of the result.

Three tiers, and the second flight is where it pays.

C1 establishes the baseline. C2 adds the dry-channel model. C3 is the re-flight that tells you whether last year's repair held.

  1. C1

    Seepage thermal inspection

    A dawn radiometric thermal and visible-light flight over a defined reach. You receive a stationed hotspot map and a ΔT table with severity and verification flags. With them come thermal and visible orthomosaics, a KMZ for the district GIS, and a report covering method, conditions and limitations.

    Water in the canal · dawn · spring to fall

  2. C2

    Baseline model

    A dry-channel orthomosaic and surface model of the same reach, with cross-sections at stations and bank and freeboard geometry. Photogrammetric — see the boundary below.

    Canal drained · late fall to winter

  3. C3

    Annual re-flight and change detection

    The flight repeated on schedule and registered to the prior year. A change map, a trend table and an updated baseline. This is where the baseline starts paying. The second flight is the one that tells you whether last year’s repair held.

    Annual · same plan and altitude

How a flight runs.

  1. 01 Scope Reach, access and the dawn window fixed in writing before anything flies.
  2. 02 Flight Flown at first light with water in the canal, nadir with limited oblique.
  3. 03 Analysis Radiometry corrected, candidates stationed, ranked and flagged for verification.
  4. 04 Report Hotspot map, ΔT table and KMZ, in a form the board can read.

The method is not ours. Neither is the evidence.

Published results from other institutions. Theirs, not ours. Each figure below is a precision figure: how often a flagged site was worth walking to.

  1. Texas A&M AgriLife — Huang & Fipps, Thermal Imaging of Canals for Remote Detection of Leaks, United Irrigation District, 2002. Of the 11 sites, 10 had leakage problems. Thus, thermal image analysis had a success rate of 91% for leak detection.
  2. USDA-ARS — Huang et al., Lower Rio Grande Valley, Irrigation and Drainage, doi:10.1002/ird.511. Twenty-six sites were confirmed to have leaks, representing a success rate of 93%.
  3. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation — Lindenbach, Kang, Rittgers & Naranjo, Select Techniques for Detecting and Quantifying Seepage from Unlined Canals, Truckee Canal, 2020. A review of detection techniques rather than a success rate.

What this is, stated precisely.

Next step · One reach

Start with one reach.

A short call sizes the reach, fixes the dawn window, and sets what ground verification your team will do.

We reply within one business day.